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Anita"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute"},"authorIdentifierScheme":{"typeName":"authorIdentifierScheme","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"ScopusID"},"authorIdentifier":{"typeName":"authorIdentifier","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"60520105500"}},{"authorName":{"typeName":"authorName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Kiss, Adél"},"authorAffiliation":{"typeName":"authorAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary 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Institute"},"authorIdentifierScheme":{"typeName":"authorIdentifierScheme","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"ORCID"},"authorIdentifier":{"typeName":"authorIdentifier","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"0000-0001-8621-8630"}}]},{"typeName":"datasetContact","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"datasetContactName":{"typeName":"datasetContactName","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Szmolka, Ama"},"datasetContactAffiliation":{"typeName":"datasetContactAffiliation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Veterinary Medical Research Institute"},"datasetContactEmail":{"typeName":"datasetContactEmail","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"szmolka.annamaria@vmri.hu"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"This study presents a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), focusing on the occurrence and genetic basis of resistance and characterizing an ESBL-producing E. coli strain with a fully resolved CTX-M-1 plasmid. 25.6% of 90 brown rats carried AMR E. coli strains, with 8.9% displaying multidrug resistance. The predominant resistance pattern was combined resistance to ampicillin (17.8%) and tetracycline (12%), with plasmid-associated resistance genes blaTEM−1 and tet(A)/tet(B). The study identified the first ESBL-producing E. coli strain (88/Ec2) in an urban rat in Hungary, harboring the gene blaCTX−M−1 on an approximately 92 kb IncI1 plasmid pCTX-M-1_88/Ec2. Comparative plasmid analysis showed 98% structural similarity to CTX-M-1 plasmids from human-derived pathogens. Strain 88/Ec2 was serotyped as O168:H38 and assigned to a novel sequence type, ST17982. Phylogenetically, it exhibits a central relationship to human CTX-M E. coli lineages, suggesting a shared genomic background with globally disseminated, human epidemic E. coli lineages. These findings highlight the role of urban brown rats as reservoirs and potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance within the One Health framework and advocate for enhanced surveillance of AMR in urban wildlife to better understand and mitigate the zoonotic transfer of resistance genes."},"dsDescriptionDate":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2026-06-08"}}]},{"typeName":"subject","multiple":true,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":["Agricultural Sciences"]},{"typeName":"keyword","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"CTX-M-1 plasmid"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Core genome MLST"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Plasmid replicon type"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Escherichia coli"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Rat"}},{"keywordValue":{"typeName":"keywordValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"ST17982"}}]},{"typeName":"dsDescription_hu","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"dsDescriptionValue_hu":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionValue_hu","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"A jelen tanulmány átfogó elemzést nyújt a vándorpatkányokból (*Rattus norvegicus*) izolált *Escherichia coli* törzsek antimikrobiális rezisztenciájáról, különös tekintettel a rezisztencia előfordulására és genetikai hátterére, valamint bemutatja egy ESBL-termelő *E. coli* törzs részletes jellemzését, amelyben a CTX-M-1 plazmid teljes szekvenciája meghatározásra került.\n\nA vizsgált 90 vándorpatkány 25,6%-a hordozott antimikrobiális rezisztenciát mutató *E. coli* törzset, míg az állatok 8,9%-ában multidrogrezisztens izolátumok fordultak elő. A leggyakoribb rezisztenciaprofil az ampicillinnel (17,8%) és tetraciklinnel (12,0%) szembeni együttes rezisztencia volt, amelyhez elsősorban a plazmidhoz kapcsolt *bla*<sub>TEM−1</sub> és *tet(A)/tet(B)* rezisztenciagének társultak.\n\nA vizsgálat során azonosítottuk az első ESBL-termelő *E. coli* törzset (88/Ec2) magyarországi városi patkányból. A törzs a *bla*<sub>CTX−M−1</sub> gént egy megközelítőleg 92 kb méretű, IncI1 típusú plazmidon (*pCTX-M-1_88/Ec2*) hordozta. Az összehasonlító plazmidelemzés 98%-os szerkezeti hasonlóságot mutatott ki humán eredetű kórokozókból származó CTX-M-1 plazmidokkal. A 88/Ec2 törzs szerotípusa O168:H38 volt, és egy új szekvenciatípusba (ST17982) sorolható.\n\nFilogenetikai elemzés alapján a törzs központi rokonsági kapcsolatot mutatott humán eredetű CTX-M-termelő *E. coli* vonalakkal, ami arra utal, hogy genomikai háttere közös lehet a világszerte elterjedt, humán járványos *E. coli* klónokéval. Eredményeink rámutatnak arra, hogy a városi vándorpatkányok az antimikrobiális rezisztencia fontos rezervoárjai és potenciális terjesztői lehetnek az „Egy Egészség” (*One Health*) szemlélet keretében. A megfigyelések egyúttal alátámasztják a városi vadon élő állatpopulációk antimikrobiális rezisztenciamonitorozásának szükségességét annak érdekében, hogy jobban megérthessük és mérsékelhessük a rezisztenciagének zoonotikus átvitelének kockázatát."},"dsDescriptionDate_hu":{"typeName":"dsDescriptionDate_hu","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"2026-06-08"}}]},{"typeName":"publication","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"publicationRelationType":{"typeName":"publicationRelationType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"IsSupplementTo"},"publicationCitation":{"typeName":"publicationCitation","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"Szmolka, A., Locsmándi, G., Makó, A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats and characterization of a CTX-M-1 type ESBL plasmid. Sci Rep 16, 8583 (2026)"},"publicationIDType":{"typeName":"publicationIDType","multiple":false,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":"doi"},"publicationIDNumber":{"typeName":"publicationIDNumber","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"10.1038/s41598-026-38191-6"},"publicationURL":{"typeName":"publicationURL","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38191-6"}}]},{"typeName":"language","multiple":true,"typeClass":"controlledVocabulary","value":["English"]},{"typeName":"grantNumber","multiple":true,"typeClass":"compound","value":[{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office"},"grantNumberValue":{"typeName":"grantNumberValue","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"K137798"}},{"grantNumberAgency":{"typeName":"grantNumberAgency","multiple":false,"typeClass":"primitive","value":"National Research, 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