Supplementary data – Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats – Szmolka, 2026

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Szmolka, Ama; Locsmándi, Gabriella; Makó, Anita; Kiss, Adél; Gellért, Ákos; Egyed, László, 2026, "Supplementary data – Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats – Szmolka, 2026", https://hdl.handle.net/21.15109/ARP/U0YVYV, ARP, V1

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Description	This study presents a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), focusing on the occurrence and genetic basis of resistance and characterizing an ESBL-producing E. coli strain with a fully resolved CTX-M-1 plasmid. 25.6% of 90 brown rats carried AMR E. coli strains, with 8.9% displaying multidrug resistance. The predominant resistance pattern was combined resistance to ampicillin (17.8%) and tetracycline (12%), with plasmid-associated resistance genes blaTEM−1 and tet(A)/tet(B). The study identified the first ESBL-producing E. coli strain (88/Ec2) in an urban rat in Hungary, harboring the gene blaCTX−M−1 on an approximately 92 kb IncI1 plasmid pCTX-M-1_88/Ec2. Comparative plasmid analysis showed 98% structural similarity to CTX-M-1 plasmids from human-derived pathogens. Strain 88/Ec2 was serotyped as O168:H38 and assigned to a novel sequence type, ST17982. Phylogenetically, it exhibits a central relationship to human CTX-M E. coli lineages, suggesting a shared genomic background with globally disseminated, human epidemic E. coli lineages. These findings highlight the role of urban brown rats as reservoirs and potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance within the One Health framework and advocate for enhanced surveillance of AMR in urban wildlife to better understand and mitigate the zoonotic transfer of resistance genes. (2026-06-08)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences
Keyword	CTX-M-1 plasmid, Core genome MLST, Plasmid replicon type, Escherichia coli, Rat, ST17982
Related Publication	Is Supplement To: Szmolka, A., Locsmándi, G., Makó, A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats and characterization of a CTX-M-1 type ESBL plasmid. Sci Rep 16, 8583 (2026)doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38191-6
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	Figure_S1.pdf Adobe PDF - 192.5 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 1 Download MD5: 967f08c39889b679968e276eee10af8e Number of cohabiting AMR E. coli strains with the indicated AMR traits in the 23 intestinal 10 samples from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus)	Preview "Figure_S1.pdf" Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	Figure_S1.png PNG Image - 238.3 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: bd3033cef6a58bebae37738a5f63cf6d Number of cohabiting AMR E. coli strains with the indicated AMR traits in the 23 intestinal 10 samples from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus)	Preview "Figure_S1.png" Access File File Access Public Download Options PNG Image Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	readme.md Markdown Text - 10.1 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: f0a73422ef7a269e3a0515bfdd41c677 readme file in md format	Preview "readme.md" Access File File Access Public Download Options Markdown Text Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options Read Text
	Table_S1.csv Comma Separated Values - 2.6 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: 3cc322f3b464abdc81874a51f83a9ae3 qPCR primer and probe sequences for antimicrobial resistance gene detection in E. coli	Preview "Table_S1.csv" Access File File Access Public Download Options Comma Separated Values Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options View Data
	Table_S1.xlsx MS Excel Spreadsheet - 64.6 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: 1be0f51a8f5faef0297c816955a8a94f qPCR primer and probe sequences for antimicrobial resistance gene detection in E. coli	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	Table_S2.csv Comma Separated Values - 65.5 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: 203daede30d885443503ce335ef1c335 Metadata of curated CTX-M E. coli reference strain collection from BV-BRC for cgMLST-based phylogenetic comparison	Preview "Table_S2.csv" Access File File Access Public Download Options Comma Separated Values Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options View Data
	Table_S2.xlsx MS Excel Spreadsheet - 54.4 KB Published Jun 8, 2026 2 Downloads MD5: 9f2ba2bf210ee1342c4185112125cce4 Metadata of curated CTX-M E. coli reference strain collection from BV-BRC for cgMLST-based phylogenetic comparison	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX

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Persistent Identifier	hdl:21.15109/ARP/U0YVYV
Publication Date	2026-06-08
Title	Supplementary data – Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats – Szmolka, 2026
Hungarian title	Kiegészítő adatok – Az Escherichia coli antibiotikum-rezisztenciája magyar vadon élő patkányokban – Szmolka, 2026
Author	Szmolka, Ama (Veterinary Medical Research Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0002-7406-8935 Locsmándi, Gabriella (Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office) - ORCID: 0009-0002-6876-5037 Makó, Anita (Veterinary Medical Research Institute) - ScopusID: 60520105500 Kiss, Adél (Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine) - ScopusID: 60520146000 Gellért, Ákos (Veterinary Medical Research Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0002-1455-8879 Egyed, László (Veterinary Medical Research Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0001-8621-8630
Point of Contact	Use the "Contact Owner" button above to contact. Szmolka, Ama (Veterinary Medical Research Institute)
Description	This study presents a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from brown rats (Rattus norvegicus), focusing on the occurrence and genetic basis of resistance and characterizing an ESBL-producing E. coli strain with a fully resolved CTX-M-1 plasmid. 25.6% of 90 brown rats carried AMR E. coli strains, with 8.9% displaying multidrug resistance. The predominant resistance pattern was combined resistance to ampicillin (17.8%) and tetracycline (12%), with plasmid-associated resistance genes blaTEM−1 and tet(A)/tet(B). The study identified the first ESBL-producing E. coli strain (88/Ec2) in an urban rat in Hungary, harboring the gene blaCTX−M−1 on an approximately 92 kb IncI1 plasmid pCTX-M-1_88/Ec2. Comparative plasmid analysis showed 98% structural similarity to CTX-M-1 plasmids from human-derived pathogens. Strain 88/Ec2 was serotyped as O168:H38 and assigned to a novel sequence type, ST17982. Phylogenetically, it exhibits a central relationship to human CTX-M E. coli lineages, suggesting a shared genomic background with globally disseminated, human epidemic E. coli lineages. These findings highlight the role of urban brown rats as reservoirs and potential vectors of antimicrobial resistance within the One Health framework and advocate for enhanced surveillance of AMR in urban wildlife to better understand and mitigate the zoonotic transfer of resistance genes. (2026-06-08)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences
Keyword	CTX-M-1 plasmid Core genome MLST Plasmid replicon type Escherichia coli Rat ST17982
Hungarian description	A jelen tanulmány átfogó elemzést nyújt a vándorpatkányokból (Rattus norvegicus) izolált Escherichia coli törzsek antimikrobiális rezisztenciájáról, különös tekintettel a rezisztencia előfordulására és genetikai hátterére, valamint bemutatja egy ESBL-termelő E. coli törzs részletes jellemzését, amelyben a CTX-M-1 plazmid teljes szekvenciája meghatározásra került. A vizsgált 90 vándorpatkány 25,6%-a hordozott antimikrobiális rezisztenciát mutató E. coli törzset, míg az állatok 8,9%-ában multidrogrezisztens izolátumok fordultak elő. A leggyakoribb rezisztenciaprofil az ampicillinnel (17,8%) és tetraciklinnel (12,0%) szembeni együttes rezisztencia volt, amelyhez elsősorban a plazmidhoz kapcsolt bla_TEM−1 és tet(A)/tet(B) rezisztenciagének társultak. A vizsgálat során azonosítottuk az első ESBL-termelő E. coli törzset (88/Ec2) magyarországi városi patkányból. A törzs a bla_CTX−M−1 gént egy megközelítőleg 92 kb méretű, IncI1 típusú plazmidon (pCTX-M-1_88/Ec2) hordozta. Az összehasonlító plazmidelemzés 98%-os szerkezeti hasonlóságot mutatott ki humán eredetű kórokozókból származó CTX-M-1 plazmidokkal. A 88/Ec2 törzs szerotípusa O168:H38 volt, és egy új szekvenciatípusba (ST17982) sorolható. Filogenetikai elemzés alapján a törzs központi rokonsági kapcsolatot mutatott humán eredetű CTX-M-termelő E. coli vonalakkal, ami arra utal, hogy genomikai háttere közös lehet a világszerte elterjedt, humán járványos E. coli klónokéval. Eredményeink rámutatnak arra, hogy a városi vándorpatkányok az antimikrobiális rezisztencia fontos rezervoárjai és potenciális terjesztői lehetnek az „Egy Egészség” (One Health) szemlélet keretében. A megfigyelések egyúttal alátámasztják a városi vadon élő állatpopulációk antimikrobiális rezisztenciamonitorozásának szükségességét annak érdekében, hogy jobban megérthessük és mérsékelhessük a rezisztenciagének zoonotikus átvitelének kockázatát. (2026-06-08)
Related Publication	Is Supplement To: Szmolka, A., Locsmándi, G., Makó, A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in Hungarian wild rats and characterization of a CTX-M-1 type ESBL plasmid. Sci Rep 16, 8583 (2026) doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38191-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-38191-6
Language	English
Funding Information	National Research, Development and Innovation Office: K137798 National Research, Development and Innovation Office: TKP2021-EGA-01
Depositor	Kaján, Győző László
Deposit Date	2026-06-08
Time Period	Start Date: 2021; End Date: 2024
Related Dataset	The datasets generated for this study are available in BioProject PRJNA1303976.

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