Supplementary data – Salmonella biofilms and essential oils – Seres-Steinbach, 2026

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Seres-Steinbach, Anita; Szabó, Péter; Balázs, Viktória Lilla; Riethmüller, Eszter; Szmolka, Ama; Bányai, Krisztián; Schneider, György, 2026, "Supplementary data – Salmonella biofilms and essential oils – Seres-Steinbach, 2026", https://hdl.handle.net/21.15109/ARP/ZELTAE, ARP, V1

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Description	The formation of biofilms by Salmonella is of considerable interest to the food production and medical industries. This study investigated the effects of a carrier medium (Luria–Bertani, Mueller–Hinton II, Brain Heart Infusion or chicken meat juice), temperature (14 °C, 23 °C or 37 °C) and surface type (adhesive, non-adhesive or suspension plate) on biofilm formation in 16 different Salmonella isolates belonging to the serovars S. Enteritidis (five isolates), S. Infantis (five isolates) and S. Typhimurium (six isolates). Chicken meat juice was found to have a moderate yet balanced supportive effect, while Mueller–Hinton II (MH-II) medium drastically supported biofilm formation at low temperatures, albeit with significant variation among the isolates. Temperature and medium also affected the antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and destructive effects of essential oils. At 14 °C and 23 °C, 35% of essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella serovars at a concentration of 0.1%, as determined by the drop plate method. Ajowan, thyme, orange, clove and oregano EOs completely inhibited biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.1%. More than half of the 60 essential oils tested reduced the optical density of mature biofilms (OD: 0.15–0.36) to below 0.05; ajowan, lime, palmarosa, thyme, oregano and clove were the most effective, exhibiting antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and biofilm destructive effects on all of the investigated Salmonella isolates. (2026-06-08)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences
Keyword	Salmonellae, essential oil, biofilm degradation, biofilm formation, biofilm inhibition
Related Publication	Is Supplement To: Seres-Steinbach A, Szabó P, Balázs Lilla V, Riethmüller E, Szmolka A, Bányai K, Schneider G. Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation of Salmonella spp. and the Biofilm-Degrading Potential of Essential Oils. Foods. 2026; 15(9):1574.doi: 10.3390/foods15091574
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	figure_s1.pdf Adobe PDF - 1.5 MB Published Jun 9, 2026 1 Download MD5: da06b546b1aa7de18737328bc41db338 SPME‐GC‐MS analysis of the ajowain, clove, lime, palmarosa, oregano and thyme essential oils	Preview "figure_s1.pdf" Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	readme.md Markdown Text - 11.5 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 0 Downloads MD5: 6c363892f32e201ec0dc8af92ebe3dfd readme file	Preview "readme.md" Access File File Access Public Download Options Markdown Text Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options Read Text
	table_s1.csv Comma Separated Values - 3.9 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 0 Downloads MD5: 03f34652ee5e291f374d2560541abb6a List of 60 essential oils used in the study with corrected binomial nomenclature and supplier information	Preview "table_s1.csv" Access File File Access Public Download Options Comma Separated Values Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options View Data
	table_s1.pdf Adobe PDF - 112.9 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 0 Downloads MD5: 9771ed675c6ba457f67ff4b9970cc9b8 List of 60 essential oils used in the study with binomial nomenclature and supplier information	Preview "table_s1.pdf" Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	table_s2.csv Comma Separated Values - 90.4 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 1 Download MD5: f665a7f378ebe23c08312b1230c17904 Raw OD630 values of biofilm formation experiments for 16 Salmonella isolates across all tested conditions	Preview "table_s2.csv" Access File File Access Public Download Options Comma Separated Values Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options View Data
	table_s2.xlsx MS Excel Spreadsheet - 66.6 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 3 Downloads MD5: ae46415edd53afe435118a3164983038 Raw OD630 values of biofilm formation experiments for 16 Salmonella isolates across all tested conditions	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX
	table_s3.csv Comma Separated Values - 52.2 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 1 Download MD5: afc636c4d540947b9bfaa8f669d9b4aa Raw OD630 values of biofilm inhibition and degradation experiments using 60 essential oils at 0.1% concentration	Preview "table_s3.csv" Access File File Access Public Download Options Comma Separated Values Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX Explore Options View Data
	table_s3.xlsx MS Excel Spreadsheet - 40.4 KB Published Jun 9, 2026 1 Download MD5: 4fc852adec5b39cf3b1500d0c8ad4dfe Raw OD630 values of biofilm inhibition and degradation experiments using 60 essential oils at 0.1% concentration	Access File File Access Public Download Options MS Excel Spreadsheet Download Metadata Data File Citation Download EndNote XML Download RIS Download BibTeX

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Persistent Identifier	hdl:21.15109/ARP/ZELTAE
Publication Date	2026-06-09
Title	Supplementary data – Salmonella biofilms and essential oils – Seres-Steinbach, 2026
Hungarian title	Kiegészítő adatok –Salmonella-biofilmek és illóolajok – Seres-Steinbach, 2026
Author	Seres-Steinbach, Anita (Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Pécs) - ORCID: 0009-0006-1336-2336 Szabó, Péter (Department of Geology and Meteorology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs) - ORCID: 0000-0003-0827-3583 Balázs, Viktória Lilla (Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs) - ORCID: 0000-0002-9526-0264 Riethmüller, Eszter (Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweiss University) - ORCID: 0000-0002-9719-5427 Szmolka, Ama (Veterinary Medical Research Institute) - ORCID: 0000-0002-7406-8935 Bányai, Krisztián (Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of Pécs) - ORCID: 0000-0002-6270-1772 Schneider, György (Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Pécs) - ORCID: 0000-0003-4424-7585
Point of Contact	Use the "Contact Owner" button above to contact. Schneider, György (Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical School, University of Pécs)
Description	The formation of biofilms by Salmonella is of considerable interest to the food production and medical industries. This study investigated the effects of a carrier medium (Luria–Bertani, Mueller–Hinton II, Brain Heart Infusion or chicken meat juice), temperature (14 °C, 23 °C or 37 °C) and surface type (adhesive, non-adhesive or suspension plate) on biofilm formation in 16 different Salmonella isolates belonging to the serovars S. Enteritidis (five isolates), S. Infantis (five isolates) and S. Typhimurium (six isolates). Chicken meat juice was found to have a moderate yet balanced supportive effect, while Mueller–Hinton II (MH-II) medium drastically supported biofilm formation at low temperatures, albeit with significant variation among the isolates. Temperature and medium also affected the antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and destructive effects of essential oils. At 14 °C and 23 °C, 35% of essential oils exhibited antibacterial activity against Salmonella serovars at a concentration of 0.1%, as determined by the drop plate method. Ajowan, thyme, orange, clove and oregano EOs completely inhibited biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.1%. More than half of the 60 essential oils tested reduced the optical density of mature biofilms (OD: 0.15–0.36) to below 0.05; ajowan, lime, palmarosa, thyme, oregano and clove were the most effective, exhibiting antibacterial, biofilm inhibitory and biofilm destructive effects on all of the investigated Salmonella isolates. (2026-06-08)
Subject	Agricultural Sciences
Keyword	Salmonellae essential oil biofilm degradation biofilm formation biofilm inhibition
Hungarian description	A Salmonella biofilmképzése kiemelt jelentőségű az élelmiszeripar és az egészségügy számára. Jelen vizsgálatban azt elemeztük, hogy a tápközeg típusa (Luria–Bertani, Mueller–Hinton II, Brain Heart Infusion vagy csirkehúslé), a hőmérséklet (14 °C, 23 °C vagy 37 °C), valamint a felület jellege (adhéziós, nem adhéziós vagy szuszpenziós lemez) miként befolyásolja 16 Salmonella izolátum biofilmképző képességét. A vizsgált izolátumok az S. Enteritidis (n = 5), az S. Infantis (n = 5) és az S. Typhimurium (n = 6) szerovariánsokba tartoztak. A csirkehúslé mérsékelt, ugyanakkor kiegyensúlyozott biofilmképzést támogató hatást mutatott, míg a Mueller–Hinton II (MH-II) tápközeg alacsony hőmérsékleten jelentősen fokozta a biofilmképződést, bár az izolátumok között számottevő eltérések voltak megfigyelhetők. A hőmérséklet és a tápközeg az illóolajok antibakteriális, biofilmképződést gátló és biofilmbontó hatását is befolyásolta. A csepplemez-módszerrel végzett vizsgálatok alapján 14 °C-on és 23 °C-on az illóolajok 35%-a már 0,1%-os koncentrációban antibakteriális aktivitást mutatott a vizsgált Salmonella szerovariánsokkal szemben. Az ajowan-, kakukkfű-, narancs-, szegfűszeg- és oregánóolaj 0,1%-os koncentrációban teljes mértékben gátolta a biofilmképződést. A vizsgált 60 illóolaj több mint fele az érett biofilmek optikai denzitását (OD: 0,15–0,36) 0,05 alá csökkentette; a leghatékonyabbnak az ajowan-, lime-, pálmarózsa-, kakukkfű-, oregánó- és szegfűszegolaj bizonyult, amelyek valamennyi vizsgált Salmonella izolátummal szemben antibakteriális, biofilmképződést gátló és biofilmbontó hatást fejtettek ki. (2026-06-08)
Related Publication	Is Supplement To: Seres-Steinbach A, Szabó P, Balázs Lilla V, Riethmüller E, Szmolka A, Bányai K, Schneider G. Factors Influencing Biofilm Formation of Salmonella spp. and the Biofilm-Degrading Potential of Essential Oils. Foods. 2026; 15(9):1574. doi: 10.3390/foods15091574 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/15/9/1574
Language	English
Funding Information	National Research, Development and Innovation Office: EKÖP-24-1 National Research, Development and Innovation Office: RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001 National Research, Development and Innovation Office: PD 147156 Eötvös Loránd Research Network: SA-27/2021
Depositor	Kaján, Győző László
Deposit Date	2026-06-08

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